This textbook for a second course in basic statistics for undergraduates or first-year graduate students introduces linear regression models and describes other linear models including Poisson regression, logistic regression, proportional hazards regression, and nonparametric regression. Numerous examples drawn from the news and current events with an emphasis on health issues illustrate these concepts. Assuming only a pre-calculus background, the author keeps equations to a minimum and demonstrates all computations using SAS. Most of the programs and output are displayed in a self-contained way, with an emphasis on the interpretation of the output in terms of how it relates to the motivating example. Plenty of exercises conclude every chapter. All of the datasets and SAS programs are available from the book's website, along with other ancillary material.
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What Is Statistics? 1
1.2 Statistics in the News: The Weather Map 4
1.3 Mathematical Background 6
1.4 Calculus 7
1.5 Calculus in the News: New Home Sales 9
1.6 Statistics in the News: IMF Loans and Tuberculosis 11
1.7 Exercises 13
2 Principles of Statistics 21
2.1 Binomial Distribution 21
2.2 Confidence Intervals and the Hubble Constant 25
2.3 Normal Distribution 26
2.4 Hypothesis Tests 30
2.5 The Student t-Test 34
2.6 TheChi-SquaredTestand2 - 2Tables 42
2.7 What Are Degrees of Freedom? 47
2.8 SAS, in a Nutshell 49
2.9 Survey of the Rest of the Book 51
2.10 Exercises 52
3 Introduction to Linear Regression 58
3.1 Low-Birth-Weight Infants 58
3.2 The Least Squares Regression Line 59
3.3 Regression in SAS 63
3.4 Statistics in the News: Future Health Care Costs 65
3.5 Exercises 66
4 Assessing the Regression 75