Series Preface Preface Author Introduction Global Energy Landscape: Past, Present, and Future The Theme and Outline of the Book Water Base Refinery and Water Management for the Future References Role of Water in Recovery and Production of Raw Fuels Introduction Increased Water Usage for Recovery of Coal Bed Methane and Gas from Geopressurized Zones EOR Process Role of Water in the Fracking Process Water Requirement for Mining, Preparation, and Extraction of Solid Fuels References Energy Recovery by Benign Hydrothermal Processes (ERP) Introduction Role of Water in Production of Nuclear Power Hydrothermal Processes for Recovery of Geothermal Energy Role of Water in Storage of Solar Energy Steam Turbine References Steam Gasification and Reforming Technologies Introduction Mechanisms, Kinetics, and Catalysis of Steam Gasification and Reforming Dry Reforming Tri-Reforming Effects of Feedstock and Operating Conditions on Product Distributions Steam Gasification and Reforming Reactors Novel Steam Gasification and Reforming Processes References Hydrothermal Processes in Subcritical Water Introduction Hydrothermal Carbonization (Wet Pyrolysis) Hydrothermal Liquefaction Hydrothermal Gasification Coal-Water Chemistry References Aqueous Phase Reforming and Bioforming Process Introduction Aqueous Phase Reforming APR versus Steam Reforming Thermodynamics of APR Kinetics and Catalysis of APR Process Production of Syngas and Monofunctional Groups and Their Upgrading Virent's Bioforming Process References Biofine Hydrolysis Process and Derivative Product Upgrading Technologies Introduction The Hydrolysis Process Upgrading of Intermediate Products from the Biofine Process Comparison of Biofine Process with Other Technologies Large-Scale Biofine Process References Anaerobic Digestion of Aqueous Waste for Methane and Hydrogen Introduction Basic Principles of Anaerobic Digestion Microbes and the Effects of Operating Conditions Feedstock Effects Co-Digestion Effects of Harvesting, Storage, and Pretreatment Digester Configurations Simulation, Modeling, Scale-Up, and Control of Fermentation Process Purification of Biogas Utilization of Biogas and Digestate References Hydrolysis and Fermentation Technologies for Alcohols Introduction Grain (Corn) Ethanol Corn to Ethanol Process Technologies Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation of Sugar to Isobutanol References Fuel Production by Supercritical Water Introduction Properties of SCW Role of SCW in Chemical Synthesis Oxidation in SCW Decomposition and Extraction of Materials by SCW Gasification in SCW Reforming in SCW References Water Dissociation Technologies for Hydrogen Introduction Electrolysis and Its Derivative Technologies Photochemical and Its Derivative Technologies Thermal and Thermochemical Decomposition of Water Other Miscellaneous Technologies References Methane from Gas Hydrates Introduction: What Is Gas Hydrate and How Is It Formed? Sources, Sizes, and Importance of Gas Hydrate deposits Importance of Gas Hydrates on Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Environmental Impacts of Gas Hydrates Production of Methane from Gas Hydrate Reservoirs References Power and Energy Directly from Water Introduction Hydroelectric Power by Water Dams Hydrokinetic Energy and Power Generation Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Growth of Hydrokinetic Energy and OTEC Industries and Cost of Hydrokinetic and OTEC Power References Index