With all of the changes in communications, technology, and trading styles, a thorough and comprehensive working knowledge of how to properly design and test strategies has never been more important than it has become in today's extremely competitive markets. That's why Robert Pardo has created "The Evaluation and Optimization of Trading Strategies, Second Edition". For anyone planning to employ algorithmic or mechanical strategies in their trading, this book offers the information you need to properly understand and execute them.
Foreword.Preface.Acknowledgments.Introduction.Chapter 1. On Trading Strategies.Why This Book Was Written.Who Will Benefit from this Book?The Goals of this Book.The Lay of the Land.Chapter 2. The Systematic Trading "Edge".Discretionary Trading.Raising the Bar.Verification.Quantification.Risk and Reward.The Performance Profile.Objectivity.Consistency.Extensibility.The Benefits of the Historical Simulation.Positive Expectancy.The Likelihood of Future Profit.The Performance Profile.Proper Capitalization.A Measure of Real-Time Trading Performance.The Benefits of Optimization.The Benefits of the Walk-Forward Analysis.The Advantages of a Thorough Understanding.Confidence.Strategy Refinement.Chapter 3. The Trading Strategy Development Process.Two Philosophical Approaches to Strategy Development.The Scientific Approach.The Path of Empirical Development.An Overview of the Trading Strategy Design Process.Step 1: Formulate the Trading Strategy.Step 2: Translate the Rules into a Definitive Form.Step 3: Preliminary Testing.Step 4: Optimize the Trading strategy.Step 5: the Walk Forward Analysis(t).Step 6: Trade the System.Step 7: Evaluate Real-Time Performance.Step 8: Improving the System.Chapter 4. The Strategy Development Platform.The Scripting Language.Diagnostics.Reporting.Optimization.The Objective Function.Speed.Automation.Walk Forward Analysis(t).Portfolio Analysis.In Conclusion.Chapter 5. The Elements of Strategy Design.The Three Principle Components of a Strategy.Entry and Exit.Risk Management.Position Sizing.An Overview of a Typical Trading Strategy.A Trade Equals an Entry and an Exit.Entry Filters.The Management of Risk.Trade Risk.Strategy Risk.Portfolio Risk.The Management of Profit.The Trailing Stop.Profit Targets.Position Sizing.Advanced Strategies.Summary.Chapter 6. The Historical Simulation.The Essential Reports.The Performance Summary.The Trade List.The Equity Curve.Performance by Period.The Importance of Accuracy.Software Limitations.Rounding Issues.Phantom Trades.Price Orders.Realistic Assumptions.Price and Trade Slippage.Opening Gap Slippage.Opening and Closing Range Slippage.Slippage Due to Size.The Significance of Slippage.Limit Moves.Major Events and Dates.Historical Data.Stock Prices.Cash Markets.Futures Markets.The Continuous Contract.The Perpetual Contract.Adjusted Continuous Contracts.The Size of the Test Window.Statistical Requirements.Sample Size and Statistical Error.How Many Trades?Stability.Degrees of Freedom.Frequency of Trading.Types of Markets.The Bull Market.The Bear Market.The Cyclic Market.The Congested Market.Efficient Markets.The Life Cycle of a Trading Strategy.Window Size and Model Life.Chapter 7. Formulation and Specification.Formulate the Trading Strategy.Specification - "Translate" The Idea Into A Testable Strategy.Make a Vague Idea Precise.Chapter 8. Preliminary Testing.Verification of Calculations and Trades.Calculations.Trading Rules.In Summary.Theoretical Expectations.Preliminary Profitability.The Multi-Market and Multi-Period Test.Selecting the Basket.Determining the Length of the Test Period.Segmenting the Data.The Test.The Results of the Test.Chapter 9. Search and Judgment.Search Methods.The Grid Search.The Prioritized Step Search.Hill Climbing Search Algorithms.Multi-Point Hill Climbing Search.Advanced Search Methods.Simulated Annealing.Genetic Algorithms.Particle Swarm Optimization.General Problems with Search Methods.The Objective Function.A Review of a Variety of Evaluation Methods.Multiple Evaluation Types.Chapter 10. Optimization.Optimization contra Overfitting.A Simple Optimization.The Optimization Framework.The Parameters.The Scan Range.The Historical Sample.The Objective Function.The Optimization Evaluation.A Multi-Market and Multi-Period Optimization.The Evaluation of the Optimization.The Robust Trading Strategy.The Robust Optimization.The Statistically Significant Optimization Profile.The Distribution of the Optimization Profile.The Shape of the Optimization
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