Cultural policy is changing. Traditionally, cultural policies have been concerned with providing financial support for the arts, for cultural heritage and for institutions such as museums and galleries. In recent years, around the world, interest has grown in the creative industries as a source of innovation and economic dynamism. This book argues that an understanding of the nature of both the economic and the cultural value created by the cultural sector is essential to good policy-making. The book is the first comprehensive account of the application of economic theory and analysis to the broad field of cultural policy. It deals with general principles of policy-making in the cultural arena as seen from an economic point of view, and goes on to examine a range of specific cultural policy areas, including the arts, heritage, the cultural industries, urban development, tourism, education, trade, cultural diversity, economic development, intellectual property and cultural statistics.
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
1 Introduction 1
1 The changing face of cultural policy 1
2 The policy response 5
3 Outline of the book 8
2 The scope of cultural policy 14
1 Introduction 14
2 Cultural goods and services 15
3 Value and valuation 17
4 Composition of the cultural sector 22
5 Production, distribution, consumption 24
6 Cultural policy in government administration 28
7 Conclusions 30
3 The policy process 32
1 Introduction 32
2 Economic objectives of cultural policy 34
3 Artistic and cultural objectives of cultural policy 41
4 Instruments 45
5 Monitoring and evaluation 53
6 Conclusions 55
4 Arts policy 58
1 Introduction 58
2 What is arts policy today? 59
3 Direct support 63
4 Indirect support 73
5 The role of the individual artist 80
6 Conclusions 83