Early modern European thought held that men and women were essentially the same, with social forces creating their differences. Such a view made the existence of hermaphrodites easy to accept. During the seventeenth century, medical and legal arguments began to turn against this 'one sex' model, with hermaphroditism seen as a medieval superstition. This book traces this change in Iberia in comparison to the earlier shift in thought in northern Europe, and with concurrent ideas in Latin America.
Introduction: Sex, Gender and Historicity 1 Marvels, Monsters and Prodigies: Hermaphrodites as Natural Phenomena in Spain, 1500-1700 2 Sexual Transgression and Hermaphroditism: The 'New World' and Imperial Subjectivity 3 The Expulsion of the Marvellous: The Decline of the 'One-Sex' Model, 1750-1830 4 Hermaphroditism in Portugal Conclusion Notes Works Cited Index