The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 undoubtedly marked a key turning point in international politics. 9/11 represents a different type of threat, one that cannot easily be anticipated or prevented, through prevailing state-based structures of security alone. A fundamental paradox emerges: while security threats have changed significantly, our means of understanding and responding to them remain largely unchanged. The ensuing challenge constitutes the central theme for this book: How can we assess the origin, meaning and implication of a major historic turning point, such as 9/11, if the prevailing conceptual means and policy responses are inadequate for providing enhanced security? The main contribution of this volume is therefore to provide new dimensions in the debate on global terrorism by opening up interdisciplinary conversations between strategic, economic, ethical and legal approaches, which offer important and practically relevant opportunities to rethink how states can respond to terrorist threats. The contributors included offer a unique combination, from leading conceptual theorists and policy oriented analysts, and from senior academics to up-and-coming researchers. By bringing together these diverse sets of inquiry into the context of a well-defined common research agenda, the present book seeks to recognize a fundamental issue linked to terrorism: while major crises initially tend to reinforce old thinking and behavioral patterns, they also allow societies to challenge and overcome entrenched habits, thereby creating the foundations for a new and perhaps more peaceful future. Major traumas have, indeed, always played a central role in redefining political communities. Questioning the key assumptions that guide security thinking should therefore be an essential element of coming to terms with 9/11. And it should entail fundamental discussions about the nature and meaning of security in a rapidly changing world - discussions that include the use of a range of hitherto neglected sources of insight, such as those between political, economic, legal and ethical factors. This book will be of great interest to students of International Security, Political Science and International Relations.
Contributors
Introduction by Alex J. Bellamy and Roland Bleiker 1
Pt. I Security and terrorism 7
1 Security studies, 9/11 and the long war by Paul D. Williams 9
2 Cause and effect in the war on terror by Anthony Burke 25
3 'War on terror'/'war on women': critical feminist perspectives by Katrina Lee-Koo 42
Pt. II Ethics, emotions and law in the war on terror 55
4 Emotions in the war on terror by Emma Hutchison and Roland Bleiker 57
5 International law and the state of exception by Sara E. Davies 71
6 New thinking in the just war tradition: theorizing the war on terror by Cian O'Driscoll 93
7 Pre-empting terror by Alex J. Bellamy 106
Pt. III Fighting terror 123
8 Failures, rogues and terrorists: states of exception and the North/South divide by Richard Devetak 125
9 US bioterrorism policy by Christian Enemark 142
10 Ethics and intelligence in the age of terror by Hugh Smith 156
11 The international campaign to counter the financing of terrorism by J. C. Sharman 177
Conclusion by Sara E. Davies and Richard Devetak 190
References 199
Index
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