This paper was written as a background note for the Commonwealth Expert Group on Democracy and Development (chaired by the Hon Dr Manmohan Singh, the current Prime Minister of India). It clarified some of the major themes which were discussed in the deliberations of the Group. Poverty, Democracy and Development is in four parts. The first part reviews the extent of poverty and outlines some of the particular challenges confronting democracies in the current historical situation. The second part discusses the links between conflict, poverty and development on the one hand and democracy and good governance on the other, and possible ways by which support may be provided to democracies in combating poverty. The third part discusses possible strategies for winning global support, and the role of the Commonwealth in mobilising such support. The fourth part provides a summary of issues for the consideration of the Expert Group
1 Introduction 1
2 Poverty : how widespread is it? 5
3 New challenges confronting democracies in combating poverty 10
4 Tackling conflicts, failed states and terrorism 21
5 Deepening democracy and good governance 27
6 The relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction 37
7 Participatory processes and empowering the poor 40
8 The Washington Consensus and pro-poor economic and social policies 42
9 Trade liberalisation 44
10 Aid and debt cancellation 48
11 Reform of the financial architecture 54
12 Pro-poor health policies 56
13 Pro-poor education policies 58
14 New technologies 60
15 Global governance 62
16 Winning support for global action 69
17 The role of the commonwealth 74
18 Issues for the consideration of the expert group : a summary 77
Annex A The Harare Commonwealth Declaration 79
Annex B The Fancourt Commonwealth Declaration on Globalisation and People-centred Development 83
Annex C The millennium development goals 86
Annex D What is the Washington Consensus? 87