This book invites aid agencies and governments to consider efficiency as a robust and reliable criterion to guide their decisions on continuing or discontinuing support for microfinance institutions (MFIs) Efficiency helps discriminate between support-worthy and underperforming MFIs with greater accuracy than financial performance alone, irrespective of the overall orientation of MFIs. Some MFIs reach many poor people with on average small transactions, others the more commercially oriented and seek strong financial performance in the shortest term possible Both kinds of MFI are support-worthy as long as they are on or near the efficiency frontier or moving towards it, for a given production function and in a given operating environment.
This study presents the findings of a survey of 45 MFIs operating in 21 countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Middle East and North Africa. The research and analysis was carried out in the framework of a joint project of the Geneva International Academic Network (GIAN), involving the Institute of Development Studies (IUED), the International Labour Office (ILO), University of Cambridge and the 'University of Geneva, with the ILO acting as coordinating agency.
1 Efficiency and Sustainability in Microfinance by Bernd Balkenhol 3
2 Poverty versus Inequality by Amadou Diop and Isabelle Hillenkamp and Jean-Michel Servet 27
3 Poverty Reduction through Microfinance: A Capability Perspective by Flavio Comim 47
4 Achieving Poverty Outreach, Impact and Sustainability: Managing Trade-offs in Microfinance by Anton Simanowitz 60
5 Smart Subsidies by Jonathan Morduch 72
6 Efficiency in Microfinance Institutions: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to MFIs in Peru by Yves Fluckiger and Anatoli Vassiliev 89
7 Efficiency in Financial Intermediation: Theory and Empirical Measurement by Thorsten Beck 111
8 Efficiency Drivers and Constraints: Empirical Findings by Yousra Hamed 126
9 Measuring the Performance of MFIs: An Application of Factor Analysis by Giovanni Ferro Luzzi and Sylvain Weber 153
10 Contextual Factors Determining Poverty Outreach and Financial Performance: The Case of Mali by Renata Serra and Fabrizio Botti and Milasoa Cherel-Robson 173
11 Contextual Factors Determining Poverty Outreach and Financial Performance: The Case of Morocco by Saad Filali Meknassi 184
12 Contextual Factors Determining Poverty Outreach and Financial Performance: The Case of Eastern Europe and Central Asia by Justyna Pytkowska 191
13 Auctioning Subsidies: Chile's 'Access to Credit Program' by Vito Sciaraffla Merino 200
14 Policy Implications by Bernd Balkenhol 211
Annex I The GIAN Survey 230
Annex II Multivariate analysis and classification: social and financial performance 232
Annex III Multivariate analysis and classification: efficiency, social and financial performance 240
Bibliography 247
Index