This volume introduces the statistical, methodological, and conceptual aspects of mediation analysis. Applications from health, social, and developmental psychology, sociology, communication, exercise science, and epidemiology are emphasized throughout. Single-mediator, multilevel, and longitudinal models are reviewed. The author's goal is to help the reader apply mediation analysis to their own data and understand its limitations. Each chapter features an overview, numerous worked examples, a summary, and exercises (with answers to the odd numbered questions). The accompanying CD contains outputs described in the book from SAS, SPSS, LISREL, EQS, MPLUS, and CALIS, and a program to simulate the model. The notation used is consistent with existing literature on mediation in psychology. The book opens with a review of the types of research questions the mediation model addresses. Part II describes the estimation of mediation effects including assumptions, statistical tests, and the construction of confidence limits. Advanced models including mediation in path analysis, longitudinal models, multilevel data, categorical variables, and mediation in the context of moderation are then described. The book closes with a discussion of the limits of mediation analysis, additional approaches to identifying mediating variables, and future directions. "Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis" is intended for researchers and advanced students in health, social, clinical, and developmental psychology as well as communication, public health, nursing, epidemiology, and sociology. Some exposure to a graduate level research methods or statistics course is assumed. The overview of mediation analysis and the guidelines for conducting a mediation analysis will be appreciated by all readers
Preface
1 Introduction 1
2 Applications of the Mediation Model 23
3 Single Mediator Mode 147
4 Single Mediator Model Details 79
5 Multiple Mediator Model 103
6 Path Analysis Mediation Models 127
7 Latent Variable Mediation Models 173
8 Longitudinal Mediation Models 193
9 Multilevel Mediation Models 237
10 Mediation and Moderation 275
11 Mediation in Categorical Data Analysis 297
12 Computer Intensive Methods for Mediation Models 325
13 Causal Inference for Mediation Models 347
14 Additional Approaches to Identifying Mediating Variables 369
15 Conclusions and Future Directions 393
References 409
Appendix A Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 435
Appendix B Notation 457
Author Index 463
Subject Index 473
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