Focusing on England, this study reconstructs the centuries-long process of commercialization that gave birth to the modern market society. It shows how certain types of markets (e.g. those for real estate, labor, capital, and culture) came into being, and how the social relations mediated by markets were formed. The book deals with the creation of institutions like the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's of London, as well as the way the English dealt with the uncertainty and the risks involved in market transactions. Christiane Eisenberg shows that the creation of a market society and modern capitalism in England occurred under circumstances that were utterly different from those on the European continent. In addition, she demonstrates that as a process, the commercialization of business, society, and culture in England did not lead directly to an industrial society, as has previously been suggested, but rather to a service economy.
List of Tables List of Illustrations Preface Preface to the Translation Introduction: England and the Process of Commercialization Chapter 1. Medieval Foundations of Market Exchange * Institutions and Law * Social Structure, Mobility, and Social Relations Chapter 2. Growth and Consolidation of Market Exchange in the Early Modern Period * Impulses toward Commercialization: Population Growth, Agrarian Revolution, and Urbanization * Reciprocal Effects between Commerce and Industry * Centralized Production * Urban Trades * Rural Proto-industry * Concentration of Powers: The Financial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century Chapter 3. The Embeddedness of Market Exchange * Generating Trust * Facts, News, and Periodicity * Games, Speculation, and the Culture of Commerce Conclusions: Commercialization as an Historical Process * English Market Society in 1800: Regulatory Mechanisms and Directions of Development * Driving Forces, Path Dependencies, and Development Potential: Perspectives for a Long-term European Comparison Bibliography Image Credits Index