This book demonstrates that people's basic values and beliefs are changing, in ways that affect their political, sexual, economic, and religious behavior. These changes are roughly predictable: to a large extent, they can be interpreted on the basis of a revised version of modernization theory presented here. Drawing on a massive body of evidence from societies containing 85 percent of the world's population, the authors demonstrate that modernization is a process of human development, in which economic development gives rise to cultural changes that make individual autonomy, gender equality, and democracy increasingly likely. The authors present a model of social change that predicts how the value systems play a crucial role in the emergence and flourishing of democratic institutions - and that modernization brings coherent cultural changes that are conducive to democratization.
Foreword by Hans-Dieter Klingemann
1 A revised theory of modernization 15
2 Value change and the persistence of cultural traditions 48
3 Exploring the unknown : predicting mass responses 77
4 Intergenerational value change 94
5 Value changes over time 115
6 Individualism, self-expression values, and civic virtues 135
7 The causal link between democratic values and democratic institutions : theoretical discussion 149
8 The causal link between democratic values and democratic institutions : empirical analyses 173
9 Social forces, collective action, and international events 210
10 Individual-level values and system-level democracy : the problem of cross-level analysis 231
11 Components of a prodemocratic civic culture 245
12 Gender equality, emancipative values, and democracy 272
13 The implications of human development 285
Conclusion : an emancipative theory of democracy 299