What makes people happy? Why should governments care about peoples well-being? How would policy change if well-being were the main objective? The Origins of Happiness seeks to revolutionize how we think about human priorities and to promote public policy changes that are based on what really matters to people. Drawing on a uniquely comprehensive range of evidence from longitudinal data on over one hundred thousand individuals in Britain, the United States, Australia, and Germany, the authors consider the key factors that affect human well-being.
The authors explore factors such as income, education, employment, family conflict, health, childcare, and crime'and their findings are not what we might expect. Contrary to received wisdom, income inequality accounts for only two percent or less of the variance in happiness across the population; the critical factors affecting a persons happiness are their relationships and their mental and physical health. More people are in misery due to mental illness than to poverty, unemployment, or physical illness. Examining how childhood influences happiness in adulthood, the authors show that academic performance is a less important predictor than emotional health and behavior, which is shaped tremendously by schools, individual teachers, and parents. For policymakers, the authors propose new forms of cost-effectiveness analysis that places well-being at center stage.
Groundbreaking in its scope and results, The Origins of Happiness offers all of us a new vision for how we might become more healthy, happy, and whole.
Andrew E. Clark is a full research professor at the Paris School of Economics. Sarah Flèche is a research economist at the London School of Economics. Richard Layard is emeritus professor of economics at the London School of Economics and a member of the House of Lords. He is the coauthor of Thrive (Princeton) and Happiness. Nattavudh Powdthavee is professor of behavioral science at Warwick Business School. He is the author of The Happiness Equation. George Ward is a PhD candidate in behavioral and policy sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All of the authors are members of the Wellbeing Programme at the London School of Economics Centre for Economic Performance.
Introduction: The New Paradigm 1
1 Happiness over the Life Course: What Matters Most? 15
Part I What Makes a Happy Adult?
2 Income 33
3 Education 51
4 Work and Unemployment 61
5 Building a Family 77
6 Health of Mind and Body 89
7 Crime 105
8 Social Norms and Institutions 115
9 Happiness at Older Ages 129
Part II What Makes a Successful Child?
10 Family Income 153
11 Working Parents 161
12 Parenting and Parents Mental Health 169
13 Family Conflict 179
14 Schooling 187
Part III So What?
15 Measuring Cost-Effectiveness in Terms of Happiness 197
16 The Origins of Happiness 211
Our Thanks 235
Contents of Online Materials 237
Sources and Notes for Tables and Figures 239
Notes 257
References 281
Index 301
Cartoon Credits 325