Behind the steady stream of new products, technologies, systems and services in our modern societies there is prolonged and complicated battle around the role of users. How should designers get to know the users interests and needs? Who should speak for the users? How may designers collaborate with users and in what ways may users take innovation into their own hands?
The New Production of Users offers a rare overview of these issues. It traces the history of designer-user relations from the era of mass production to the present days. Its focus lies in elaborating the currently emerging strategies and approaches to user involvement in business and citizen contexts. It analyses the challenges in the practical collaborations between designers and users, and it investigates a number of cases, where groups of users collectively took charge of innovation.
In addition to a number of new case studies, the book provides a thorough account of theories of user involvement as well as and offers further developments to these theories. As a part of this, the book relates to the wide spectrum of fields currently associated with user involvement, such as user-centered design, participatory design, user innovation, open source software, cocreation and peer production.
Exploring the nexus between users and designers, between efforts to democratize innovation and to mobilize users for commercial purposes, this multi-disciplinary book will be of great interest to academics, policy makers and practitioners in fields such as Innovation Studies, Innovation Policy, Science and Technology Studies, Cultural Studies, Consumption studies, Marketing, e-commerce, Media Studies as well as Design research.
1. Introduction to the New Production of Users
Sampsa Hyysalo, Torben Elgaard Jensen and Nelly Oudshoorn
Part 1: Rethinking and Extending Theoretical Approaches to the Production of Users in Innovation
2. Protecting the Right to Innovate: Our Innovation 'Wetlands
Andrew W. Torrance and Eric von Hippel
3. User Representation: A Journey Towards Conceptual Maturation
Sampsa Hyysalo and Mikael Johnson
4. How User Assemblage Matters: Constructing Learning-by-Using in the Case of Wind Turbine Technology in Denmark 1973-1990.
Kristian H. Nielsen
Part 2: User-producer Engagements between Democratized Technology and Industrial Strategizing
5. Making Work Visible
Lucy Suchman
6. Making Sense of User Involvement: Hopes, Fears and Pragmatics
Torben Elgaard Jensen and Morten Krogh Petersen
7. Generification as a Strategy: How Software Producers Configure Products, Manage User Communities and Segment Markets
Neil Pollock, Robin Williams and Luciana DAdderio
Part 3: Innovation Practices and User Communities
8. Innovation in Civil Society: The Socio-material Dynamics of a Community Innovation
Stefan Verhaegh, Ellen van Oost, and Nelly Oudshoorn
9. User Communities as Multi-functional Spaces: Innovation, Collective Voice, Demand Articulation, Peer Informing and Professional Identity (and more)
Hajar Mozaffar
Part 4: Unwanted Innovation and Non-Users
10. "We Walk Straight Past the Screens": The Power of Non-users of a Hospital Information System
Line Melby and Pieter Toussaint
11. Users, Non-users and "Resistance" to Pharmaceuticals
Kate Weiner and Catherine Will
12. DIY Research in the Psychonaut Subculture: A Case of Unwanted User Innovation
Johan Söderberg
Afterword
Trevor Pinch
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